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TOPLCAL SECTION|6 Article(s)
Qi WU, Shan CONG, and Zhigang ZHAO
Electrochromic materials are capable in a dynamically modulation over their absorption, transmission, reflection and emissivity covering the visible and infrared regions, which is recognized as one of the most effective strategies for an artificial control over the optical spectrum. In practical devices, the modulations for color (visible light) and heat (near-infrared irradiation) are both in demand, and thus it is of significant importance to achieve the dual-band control within single electrochromic device. However, the present design of electrochromic materials mainly focuses on the adjustment ability of visible spectrum or color transformation, while leaving the modulation of infrared spectra often negligible. In this study, a multi-color tungsten oxide film with F-P cavity structure is selected to explore the wide-spectrum electrochromism of visible and infrared spectral regions. The tungsten oxide film material with F-P cavity structure presents diversified and bright colors in the visible region with various color patterns, and diversified color alternation can be realized under applied biases. At the same time, the infrared reflectance of colorful tungsten oxide films can also be modulated significantly, for example, infrared modulation rates higher than 25.00% can be obtained in the middle wavelength (around 3.5 μm) in the colored films. The research shows that the multi-color tungsten oxide film can realize the discrete and controllable adjustment of the visible and infrared spectral region in the wide spectrum, and has great potential in the application of smart window, thermal management, radiative cooling and other fields, which can even achieve the in-demand cooperative modulation of light and heat performance. Electrochromic materials are capable in a dynamically modulation over their absorption, transmission, reflection and emissivity covering the visible and infrared regions, which is recognized as one of the most effective strategies for an artificial control over the optical spectrum. In practical devices, the modulations for color (visible light) and heat (near-infrared irradiation) are both in demand, and thus it is of significant importance to achieve the dual-band control within single electrochromic device. However, the present design of electrochromic materials mainly focuses on the adjustment ability of visible spectrum or color transformation, while leaving the modulation of infrared spectra often negligible. In this study, a multi-color tungsten oxide film with F-P cavity structure is selected to explore the wide-spectrum electrochromism of visible and infrared spectral regions. The tungsten oxide film material with F-P cavity structure presents diversified and bright colors in the visible region with various color patterns, and diversified color alternation can be realized under applied biases. At the same time, the infrared reflectance of colorful tungsten oxide films can also be modulated significantly, for example, infrared modulation rates higher than 25.00% can be obtained in the middle wavelength (around 3.5 μm) in the colored films. The research shows that the multi-color tungsten oxide film can realize the discrete and controllable adjustment of the visible and infrared spectral region in the wide spectrum, and has great potential in the application of smart window, thermal management, radiative cooling and other fields, which can even achieve the in-demand cooperative modulation of light and heat performance.
Journal of Inorganic Materials
- Publication Date: May. 20, 2021
- Vol. 36, Issue 5, 485 (2021)
Hanxiang JIA, Zewei SHAO, Aibin HUANG, Pingshi JIN, and Xun CAO
The all-solid-state electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been widely developed for energy-saving windows, screen displays, multi-functional energy storage devices due to their characteristics such as large optical contrast, fast switching speed and good cycle stability. However, traditional all-solid-state ECDs based on monolayer electrolyte system are often limited by ordinary optical transmittance and inadequate sputtering efficiency. Herein, the all-solid- state ECDs integrated with LiAlOx/Ta2O5/LiAlOx (ATA) sandwich structured electrolyte were successfully fabricated by reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique. By means of introduction of ATA sandwich structured electrolyte, the prepared ECDs with seven layer (ITO/NiO/LiAlOx/Ta2O5/LiAlOx/WO3/ITO) was endowed with superfine optical transmittance and substantial sputtering efficiency simultaneously. The ATA-based ECDs realized satisfactory coloration efficiency of 79.6 cm2/C, fast switching speed as short as 1.9 s for coloring and 1.6 s for bleaching, and excellent cycling stability over hundreds of cycles. Furthermore, ATA sandwich structured electrolyte makes full use of the excellent ionic conductivity and stability of Ta2O5, as well as enough lithium ions to meet the demand for fast color switching. Hence, ATA-based all-solid-state ECDs by continuous DC sputtering is expected to provide effective guidance for the mass production and practical application of the high-performance ECDs. The all-solid-state electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been widely developed for energy-saving windows, screen displays, multi-functional energy storage devices due to their characteristics such as large optical contrast, fast switching speed and good cycle stability. However, traditional all-solid-state ECDs based on monolayer electrolyte system are often limited by ordinary optical transmittance and inadequate sputtering efficiency. Herein, the all-solid- state ECDs integrated with LiAlOx/Ta2O5/LiAlOx (ATA) sandwich structured electrolyte were successfully fabricated by reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique. By means of introduction of ATA sandwich structured electrolyte, the prepared ECDs with seven layer (ITO/NiO/LiAlOx/Ta2O5/LiAlOx/WO3/ITO) was endowed with superfine optical transmittance and substantial sputtering efficiency simultaneously. The ATA-based ECDs realized satisfactory coloration efficiency of 79.6 cm2/C, fast switching speed as short as 1.9 s for coloring and 1.6 s for bleaching, and excellent cycling stability over hundreds of cycles. Furthermore, ATA sandwich structured electrolyte makes full use of the excellent ionic conductivity and stability of Ta2O5, as well as enough lithium ions to meet the demand for fast color switching. Hence, ATA-based all-solid-state ECDs by continuous DC sputtering is expected to provide effective guidance for the mass production and practical application of the high-performance ECDs.
Journal of Inorganic Materials
- Publication Date: May. 20, 2021
- Vol. 36, Issue 5, 479 (2021)
Jinmin WANG, Lijun HOU, and Dongyun MA
Electrochromic materials show reversible color-changeable characteristics, which are widely used in smart windows, displays, adjustable reflective mirrors, electronic paper, military camouflage and other fields. Compared with other kinds of display devices, electrochromic display devices have advantages of multi-colors, high contrast, no blind visual angles, and maintainable color after power off. As a typical cathodic colored electrochromic material, molybdenum oxide exhibits advantages of short response time and colored state closer to the sensitive wavelength band of the human eye to light, so that the electrochromic devices composed of molybdenum oxide is important in the research. This paper briefly introduces the definitions and applications of electrochromism, electrochromic materials and devices. In particular, electrochromic technology recently realized a demonstration application in smart phones, indicating the good prospects for the future development of electrochromic technology. We summarized mainly the research progress of the preparation of molybdenum oxide films, the modification of molybdenum oxide, and the molybdenum oxide based electrochromic devices. Finally, we presented current existing problems and solutions on molybdenum oxide based electrochromic films and devices with development prospects. Electrochromic materials show reversible color-changeable characteristics, which are widely used in smart windows, displays, adjustable reflective mirrors, electronic paper, military camouflage and other fields. Compared with other kinds of display devices, electrochromic display devices have advantages of multi-colors, high contrast, no blind visual angles, and maintainable color after power off. As a typical cathodic colored electrochromic material, molybdenum oxide exhibits advantages of short response time and colored state closer to the sensitive wavelength band of the human eye to light, so that the electrochromic devices composed of molybdenum oxide is important in the research. This paper briefly introduces the definitions and applications of electrochromism, electrochromic materials and devices. In particular, electrochromic technology recently realized a demonstration application in smart phones, indicating the good prospects for the future development of electrochromic technology. We summarized mainly the research progress of the preparation of molybdenum oxide films, the modification of molybdenum oxide, and the molybdenum oxide based electrochromic devices. Finally, we presented current existing problems and solutions on molybdenum oxide based electrochromic films and devices with development prospects.
Journal of Inorganic Materials
- Publication Date: May. 20, 2021
- Vol. 36, Issue 5, 461 (2021)
Xiang ZHANG, Wenjie LI, Lebin WANG, Xi CHEN, Jiupeng ZHAO, and Yao LI
Optical property, such as color, transmittance, reflectance and emissivity, of electrochromic materials can be changed reversibly under low applied voltages. Electrochromic materials have a wide range of regulatable spectrum, which can realize the broadband control from the visible to mid-far-infrared. Electrochromic materials show a wide application prospect in the fields of intelligent window, display, anti-glare rearview mirror, intelligent thermal control, and camouflage. At present, most of researches on inorganic electrochromic materials focus mainly on transmission characteristics, but less on reflection characteristics. This is mainly because most inorganic electrochromic materials have single color and are not as easy to design as organic electrochromic materials. In recent years, through special preparation and structural design, the research on reflective properties of inorganic electrochromic materials has gradually attracted researchers’ attention. Based on reflection characteristics of inorganic electrochromic materials, methods and principles of regulating the reflectance spectrum in the visible near infrared to mid-far-infrared bands are introduced, and the latest research progress is summarized. Within the visible band, reflectance spectrum control is mainly achieved by vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and V2O5 doping, microstructure of one dimensional photonic crystal, Fabry Perot nanocavity structure and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Within the mid-to-far infrared band, electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on the molecular vibration absorption of tungsten oxide (WO3) or other electrochromic materials and related theory are designed and fabricated to regulate reflectance spectra. Finally, the practical application of inorganic electrochromic materials in future is prospected. Optical property, such as color, transmittance, reflectance and emissivity, of electrochromic materials can be changed reversibly under low applied voltages. Electrochromic materials have a wide range of regulatable spectrum, which can realize the broadband control from the visible to mid-far-infrared. Electrochromic materials show a wide application prospect in the fields of intelligent window, display, anti-glare rearview mirror, intelligent thermal control, and camouflage. At present, most of researches on inorganic electrochromic materials focus mainly on transmission characteristics, but less on reflection characteristics. This is mainly because most inorganic electrochromic materials have single color and are not as easy to design as organic electrochromic materials. In recent years, through special preparation and structural design, the research on reflective properties of inorganic electrochromic materials has gradually attracted researchers’ attention. Based on reflection characteristics of inorganic electrochromic materials, methods and principles of regulating the reflectance spectrum in the visible near infrared to mid-far-infrared bands are introduced, and the latest research progress is summarized. Within the visible band, reflectance spectrum control is mainly achieved by vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and V2O5 doping, microstructure of one dimensional photonic crystal, Fabry Perot nanocavity structure and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Within the mid-to-far infrared band, electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on the molecular vibration absorption of tungsten oxide (WO3) or other electrochromic materials and related theory are designed and fabricated to regulate reflectance spectra. Finally, the practical application of inorganic electrochromic materials in future is prospected.
Journal of Inorganic Materials
- Publication Date: May. 20, 2021
- Vol. 36, Issue 5, 451 (2021)
Jinmin WANG
The special issue of Electrochromic Materials and Devices focuses on the latest research progress and future development trends in the field of electrochromic, and hopes that colleagues will benefit from it. It is expected that the electrochromism research in China will develop more rapidly in the future, gradually leading the new trend of international electrochromism research. The special issue of Electrochromic Materials and Devices focuses on the latest research progress and future development trends in the field of electrochromic, and hopes that colleagues will benefit from it. It is expected that the electrochromism research in China will develop more rapidly in the future, gradually leading the new trend of international electrochromism research.
Journal of Inorganic Materials
- Publication Date: May. 20, 2021
- Vol. 36, Issue 5, 449 (2021)
Tianyue WANG, Mengying WANG, Qingjiao HUANG, Jiaming YANG, Shunhua WANG, and Xungang DIAO
Electrochromic materials are attractive for applications like smart windows and thermal management which can modulate transmittance from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Lithium titanate has been proven to be a potential electrochromic cathode material, but its application prospects in the field of smart windows still lack data support. In this work, Li4Ti5O12 thin films with high transmittance and good crystallinity were prepared by Sol-Gel spin coating. The electrochromic properties of the films were characterized by different methods. It is found that all Li4Ti5O12 thin films are very sensitive to the test conditions, such as scanning rate, displaying excellent dual band modulation property. Also, the thickness has a significant effect on the initial state transmittance, modulation amplitude, response time, voltage window and cycle durability of the Li4Ti5O12 thin films. The colored and bleached response time of the 450 nm Li4Ti5O12 is 19.1 and 8.9 s, respectively, while the transmittance modulation is 45% in the visible light region (550 nm). The performance of the films have not been significantly degraded after 20000 s continuous cycle. It is worth mentioning that the transmittance modulation in the near infrared band (1000 nm) is as high as 80%, showing excellent energy saving potential. Finally, Glass/FTO/Li4Ti5O12/LiNbO3/NiOx/ITO, an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic device with good cycle performance from gray to blue was successfully assembled. Above data demonstrate that lithium titanate is a strong competitive material for the popularization of electrochromic smart window. Electrochromic materials are attractive for applications like smart windows and thermal management which can modulate transmittance from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Lithium titanate has been proven to be a potential electrochromic cathode material, but its application prospects in the field of smart windows still lack data support. In this work, Li4Ti5O12 thin films with high transmittance and good crystallinity were prepared by Sol-Gel spin coating. The electrochromic properties of the films were characterized by different methods. It is found that all Li4Ti5O12 thin films are very sensitive to the test conditions, such as scanning rate, displaying excellent dual band modulation property. Also, the thickness has a significant effect on the initial state transmittance, modulation amplitude, response time, voltage window and cycle durability of the Li4Ti5O12 thin films. The colored and bleached response time of the 450 nm Li4Ti5O12 is 19.1 and 8.9 s, respectively, while the transmittance modulation is 45% in the visible light region (550 nm). The performance of the films have not been significantly degraded after 20000 s continuous cycle. It is worth mentioning that the transmittance modulation in the near infrared band (1000 nm) is as high as 80%, showing excellent energy saving potential. Finally, Glass/FTO/Li4Ti5O12/LiNbO3/NiOx/ITO, an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic device with good cycle performance from gray to blue was successfully assembled. Above data demonstrate that lithium titanate is a strong competitive material for the popularization of electrochromic smart window.
Journal of Inorganic Materials
- Publication Date: Dec. 10, 2020
- Vol. 36, Issue 5, 471 (2020)
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